Śrī Pradyumna Miśra
Book, Sreela Bhakti Ballabh Tirtha Goswami Maharaj
Pradyumna Miśra is the best of the Vaiñṇavas. He was Lord Jagannātha’s chief cook, also known as Dāsa.
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āvirbhāvo gauraharer nakula-brahmacāriṇi
āveśaś ca tathā jñeyo miśre pradyumna-saṅgakeThe Lord’s āvirbhāva (manifestation) took place in Nakula Brahmacārī, and His āveśa (empowerment) in Pradyumna Miśra. (Gaura-gaṇoddeśa-dīpikā 73-4)
Śrīla Bhakti Siddhānta Sarasvatī Gosvāmī Ṭhākura has written that Pradyumna Miśra was an Odishan (Anubhāñya to Caitanya Caritāmṛta 1.10.131). Vṛndāvana Dāsa Ṭhākura has stated the same in Caitanya Bhāgavata.
Many of Mahāprabhu’s associates took birth in Odisha. Slowly they came and met with the Lord. Amongst them was Pradyumna Miśra, whose body was solidified prema. The great self-controlled devotees Paramānanda Mahāpātra and Rāmānanda Rāya were others. (Caitanya Bhāgavata 3.3.183-4)
According to Gauḍīya Vaiñṇava Abhidhāna, Pradyumna Miśra was originally a resident of Sylhet and only later moved to Odisha. He is counted amongst the branches of Caitanya Mahāprabhu. The extent to which he was dear to Mahāprabhu is described in both the Caitanya Caritāmṛta and Caitanya Bhāgavata:
Pradyumna Miśra was an ocean of love for Lord Kṛñṇa, and Lord Gaurasundara put him on the same level as Himself. (Caitanya Bhāgavata 3.5.211)
Chief amongst the loving devotees of the Lord were Kāśīśvara Paṇḍita, Bhagavān Ācārya and Pradyumna Miśra. (Caitanya Bhāgavata 3.8.57)
The Lord felt joy on meeting Kāśī Miśra, Pradyumna Miśra and Bhavānanda Rāya. (Caitanya Caritāmṛta 1.10.131)
All glories to the Lord, the life of Pradyumna Miśra, the wealth of Paramānanda Purī. (Caitanya Bhāgavata 1.14.2)
When Mahāprabhu returned from South India, Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya introduced Pradyumna Miśra to the Lord as a great Vaiñṇava.
Pradyumna Miśra is the best of the Vaiñṇavas. He was Lord Jagannātha’s chief cook, also known as Dāsa.
(Caitanya Caritāmṛta 2.10.42)Later, Pradyumna Miśra was instructed by Mahāprabhu to go to Rāmānanda Rāya to hear Kṛñṇa-kathā. This has been extensively described in the Caitanya Caritāmṛta, Antya-līlā, Chapter 5. Śrīla Bhakti Siddhānta Sarasvatī Gosvāmī Ṭhākura writes in his Gauḍīya-bhāñya to the Caitanya Bhāgavata (1.14.2): “Pradyumna Miśra took birth in a brāhmaṇa family in Odisha. He led an exemplary pious householder life, showing nobility of character in his adherence to social etiquette. Mahāprabhu gave meaning to this behavioural standard by sending him to the great devotee, Rāmānanda Rāya, who though not born in a brāhmaṇabrāhmaṇa family was the most competent instructor in the matter of bhakti-rasa. Pradyumna Miśra went to this Vaiñṇava ācārya to hear him glorify Kṛñṇa’s pastimes in the attitude of a disciple and thereby received Mahāprabhu’s causeless mercy.”
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Pradyumna Meets Rāmānanda
Pradyumna Miśra came one day to Mahāprabhu eagerly asking to hear some harikathā, Who in turn sent him to meet Rāmānanda Rāya. At the time, Rāmānanda Rāya was living in the Jagannātha-vallabha gardens. The service he was engaged in for the pleasure of Lord Jagannātha was beyond the capacity of even great self-controlled sages, what to speak of ordinary human beings. He would prepare two young deva-dāsīs for the performance of a play which was to be given before Lord Jagannātha, not only by training them in the songs that they would sing and in the dance they would perform, but also by bathing, dressing and decorating them. While Rāmānanda Rāya was engaged in such service, no one was allowed to interrupt him.
The first time that Pradyumna Miśra came to see Rāmānanda Rāya, one of Rāmānanda’s servants told him that he was busy and asked Miśra to sit outside and wait. When Rāmānanda Rāya finished his service and came outside he learned that Pradyumna Miśra had been waiting there for a long time to hear about Kṛñṇa from him. He showed the brāhmaṇa the appropriate respect and begged forgiveness for his offence in making him wait. Miśra realized that it was too late that day for his wish to be fulfilled and he returned home.
Some days later, when Mahāprabhu saw Miśra, He asked him how the meeting with Rāmānanda Rāya had gone and what topics they had discussed. At first, Pradyumna Miśra remained silent because of the doubts that he had about Rāmānanda Rāya’s behaviour. Mahāprabhu, as the antaryāmī, was able to understand what was going through his mind and began to glorify Rāmānanda Rāya’s extraordinary character with great force. His words are found in the Caitanya Caritāmṛta:
“I am a sannyāsī and consider Myself to be renounced. But if I even hear the name of a woman, what to speak of seeing one, I feel an effect on My mind and body. So who is not moved by the sight of a woman? Listen to Me, everyone. Let Me tell you about Rāmānanda Rāya’s activities, even though they are so wonderful and uncommon that they really cannot be properly described. He directly serves Lord Jagannātha’s young and beautiful deva-dasīs in every possible way. He personally bathes and dresses them and puts on their ornaments. While doing so, he naturally sees and touches their private parts, but even so, his mind is never affected. He teaches the girls how to physically express all the moods of love so that they can act them out before Jagannātha Deva, but his mind and body are as steady as wood or stone. Indeed, it is amazing that even when he touches such young girls, his mind is not disturbed. Only Rāmānanda Rāya has the right to do such things, and when I see him do them, I can understand that his body is not material but is spiritual.” (Caitanya Caritāmṛta 3.5.35-42)
Thus saying that Rāmānanda Rāya was highly qualified to speak on matters connected to Kṛñṇa, the Lord sent Pradyumna Miśra back again. When he arrived in the Jagannātha-vallabha gardens, Rāmānanda greeted him by paying obeisances. Pradyumna then heard Rāmānanda Rāya explain all the different topics on sambandha, abhidheya and prayojana, which he had earlier recounted to the Lord at Vidyanagar during His trip to South India. Both the speaker and the hearer completely forgot themselves in the ecstasies of kṛñṇa- kathā. The whole day passed in this way. Pradyumna Miśra felt himself to be completely fulfilled by the hearing all these subjects of Kṛñṇa and he went to tell Mahāprabhu about it.
Śrīla Bhakti Siddhānta Sarasvatī Gosvāmī Ṭhākura has made the following commentary on this anecdote in his Anubhāñya: “Ordinarily, the brāhmaṇa acts as a preceptor to the three other varṇas and the sannyāsī is the guru of all brāhmaṇas in the three other āśramas. The Lord wished to curb the false pride arising from these notions by sending Pradyumna Miśra, even though he was a pure brāhmaṇa, to take instruction from Rāmānanda Rāya, who belonged to the lowest varṇa, that of the śudras, and to the lowest āśrama, that of the householder. The Lord Himself, though a sannyāsī, also showed the same example by taking instruction personally from him, accepting the conclusions he preached.”
Excerpt from "Sri Chaitanya: His Life and Associates" by Srila Bhakti Ballabh Tirtha Goswami Maharaj
Sree Chaitanya Gaudiya
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